艾媒研报|和舰芯片研究报告：巨亏前行的芯片制造标杆

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本报告研究涉及企业/品牌包括：和舰芯片、联华电子、厦门联芯、富拉凯咨询、橡木联合、台积电、中芯国际、三星、格罗方德

集成电路为信息产业的基础。中国虽为全球最大半导体市场，但国产率低，核心芯片极度缺乏。根据 IC Insights 统计资料，2018年中国集成电路自给率仅为15.35%。中国政府给予集成电路行业大力的政策支持及税收减免。2016-2018年和舰芯片收到共计52亿元的政府补助，2019年成为首家成功受理的台资晶圆代工企业。然而，芯片制造属于典型的资金密集型行业，和舰芯片在过去三年主要投入28nm工艺集成电路生产线的研发生产，投资额约50亿美元，目前仍处于亏损状态。根据艾媒咨询测算，和舰芯片主要固定资产和专有技术使用权成新率在60%以上，未来3年内的折旧摊销将依然巨大，难以盈利。且受限台湾半导体政策，和舰芯片技术落后台湾母公司一代，落后台积电两代，更将面临28nm制程激烈的市场竞争。

Integrated circuits are the foundation of the information industry. Although China is the world's largest semiconductor market, the country's productivity is low and core chips are extremely scarce. According to IC Insights statistics, China's IC self-sufficiency rate was only 15.35% in 2018. The Chinese government has given strong policy support and tax relief to the IC industry. In 2016-2018, HeJian received a total of 5.2 billion yuan in government subsidies. In 2019, HeJian became the first Taiwan-funded foundry company to be successfully accepted by the science and technology innovation board. However, chip manufacturing is a typical capital-intensive industry. In the past three years, HeJian has mainly invested in the research and development of 28nm process integrated circuit production lines, with an investment of about 5 billion US dollars, and is still in a deficit state. According to iiMedia Research, the newness rate of the main fixed assets and proprietary technology of HeJian is above 60%. Depreciation and amortization will remain huge in the next three years, making it difficult to make a profit. And limited by Taiwan's semiconductor policy, HeJian’s technology lags behind Taiwan's parent company by one generation and TSMC by two generations.