艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国音乐行业市场消费行为调查数据

随着智能算法推荐与多终端协同技术的深度融合，音乐应用生态呈现多维渗透态势，显著覆盖以流行乐、国风音乐为主的个性化内容消费领域，以通勤健身、睡前助眠为代表的场景化体验领域，以及云Live互动、社交共享等创新娱乐领域。在技术驱动下，音乐产业正构建起“内容+场景+社交”的三维价值体系。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2025年中国音乐行业市场消费行为调查数据》数据显示，现代音乐（含流行音乐）以63.27%的偏好占比领跑用户音乐类型选择，反映出大众对主流文化内容的高接受度。终端设备数据显示，手机以49.24%的绝对优势主导用户入口，QQ音乐则以35.90%的活跃占比稳居平台竞争榜首。值得注意的是，社交功能使用率达71.80%，其中52.12%的用户倾向与好友共享音乐内容，体现“音乐+社交”模式的强大吸引力。付费领域呈现两极分化，49.65%用户选择“偶尔付费”，而音质升级（31.10%）与云Live演出（满意度70.70%）成为主要付费驱动力。但行业仍存显著痛点：短视频板块因内容同质化遭遇29.58%用户负面评价，付费意愿受限于免费资源充足性（38.16%）与价格敏感度（30.34%），云Live则面临画质延迟（43.81%）、互动单一（34.69%）等技术体验瓶颈。艾媒咨询分析师认为，平台需强化差异化内容供给，通过AI音效优化与XR技术升级重塑沉浸式体验，同时构建阶梯式付费体系与社交激励机制，在保障基础服务普惠性的同时深挖垂直场景商业价值。
With the deep integration of intelligent algorithm recommendation and multi-terminal collaborative technology, the music application ecology presents a multidimensional penetration trend, significantly covering the personalized content consumption field dominated by pop music and Chinese music, the scene experience field represented by commuting fitness and bedtime sleep, and the innovative entertainment field such as cloud Live interaction and social sharing. Driven by technology, the music industry is building a three-dimensional value system of "content + scene + social". According to the latest "Survey data of Chinese music industry market consumption behavior in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, modern music (including pop music) leads the user's music type choice with 63.27% preference. It reflects the high acceptance of mainstream cultural content by the public. Terminal device data show that mobile phones dominated the user entrance with an absolute advantage of 49.24%, and QQ music ranked first in the platform competition with an active proportion of 35.90%. It is worth noting that the usage rate of social functions reached 71.80%, of which 52.12% of users tend to share music content with friends, reflecting the strong appeal of the "music + social" model. The payment space is polarized, with 49.65% of users choosing to "pay occasionally", while audio quality upgrades (31.10%) and Cloud Live shows (70.70% satisfaction) are the main payment drivers. However, the industry still has significant pain points: the short video sector suffered 29.58% negative comments from users due to content homogenization, the willingness to pay was limited by the adequacy of free resources (38.16%) and price sensitivity (30.34%), and Cloud Live faced technical experience bottlenecks such as picture quality delay (43.81%) and single interaction (34.69%). Analysts from Imedia Consulting believe that the platform needs to strengthen the supply of differentiated content, reshape the immersive experience through AI sound optimization and XR technology upgrade, and build a stepped payment system and social incentive mechanism, so as to deeply dig the business value of vertical scenes while ensuring the inclusiveness of basic services.

艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国说唱音乐市场消费行为调查数据

中国说唱音乐市场近年来呈现出快速增长的趋势，这主要得益于年轻消费群体对说唱音乐的极高热情。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2025年中国说唱音乐市场消费行为调查数据》数据显示，有超过半数的说唱爱好者愿意为说唱音乐付费，反映出该市场潜力较大。其中，付费意愿最高的是数字专辑和参加音乐节，占比分别为51.55%和41.61%。同时，华语（标准国语）以54.45%的占比成为最受欢迎的说唱音乐语言，华语（地区方言）以48.86%的占比紧随其后，反映出华语类说唱音乐在中国的广泛受众基础。随着说唱音乐的流行，品牌合作、版权收入和衍生品销售成为主要收入来源，品牌对说唱音乐的青睐度不断提升，未来说唱音乐与品牌、影视、游戏等领域的合作将更加紧密，商业价值将进一步挖掘。
In recent years, the Chinese rap music market has shown a trend of rapid growth, which is mainly attributed to the extremely high enthusiasm of the young consumer group for rap music. According to the latest "Survey data on consumption behavior in China's Hip-Hop music market in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, more than half of rap music enthusiasts are willing to pay for rap music, reflecting the great potential of this market. Among them, the highest willingness to pay is for digital albums and attending music festivals, accounting for 51.55% and 41.61% respectively. At the same time, Chinese (Standard Mandarin) has become the most popular language in rap music with a proportion of 54.45%, and Chinese (regional dialects) follows closely with a proportion of 48.86%, reflecting the broad audience base of Chinese rap music in China. With the popularity of rap music, brand cooperation, copyright income, and derivative product sales have become the main sources of revenue. Brands' favorability towards rap music is continuously increasing. In the future, the cooperation between rap music and fields such as brands, film and television, and games will be closer, and the commercial value will be further explored.

艾媒咨询 | 2024-2025年中国数字文化产业发展现状及趋势分析报告

近年来，随着数字技术的迅猛发展，数字文化产业已经深刻融入我国经济社会的各个领域，成为数字经济发展的新动能。国家统计局数据显示，2024年前三季度，规模以上文化企业实现营业收入99668亿元，比上年同期增长5.9%。其中，数字文化新业态特征明显的16个行业小类实现营业收入41616亿元，比上年同期增长10.0%，占总营业收入的比重高达41.8%。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2024-2025年中国数字文化产业发展现状及趋势分析报告》显示，2024年前三季度全国数字文化新业态的营业收入已飙升至4.16万亿元，与2019年的1.99万亿元相比，实现了惊人的2.1倍增长。同时，其在全部规模以上文化企业营业收入中的占比也大幅提升至41.8%，与2019年相比，增长了18.9个百分点，进一步彰显了数字文化产业在文化产业整体格局中的核心地位。
In recent years, with the rapid development of digital technology, the digital cultural industry has been deeply integrated into various fields of China's economy and society, becoming a new driving force for digital economic development. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the scaled-up cultural enterprises achieved a total revenue of 99,668 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2024, up 5.9% from the same period last year. Of which, the 16 sub-categories with obvious characteristics of digital cultural new industries achieved a revenue of 416 billion yuan, up 10.0% from the same period last year, accounting for 41.8% of the total revenue. The latest report released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution for global new economy industries, shows that the revenue of digital cultural new industries in China reached 416 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2024, a staggering 2.1 times higher than the 199 billion yuan in the same period of 2019. At the same time, its share in the total revenue of scaled-up cultural enterprises has also increased significantly to 41.8%, up 18.9 percentage points from 2019, further highlighting the core position of the digital cultural industry in the overall cultural industry landscape.

艾媒咨询｜2024年中国虚拟数字人产业发展白皮书

随着AI技术的日益成熟与广泛应用，虚拟数字人从一个遥远的概念逐渐走进了现实世界的舞台，在技术融合与产业升级中扮演至关重要的桥梁与驱动者。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2024年中国虚拟数字人产业发展白皮书》数据显示，2023年中国虚拟人带动产业市场规模和核心市场规模分别为3334.7亿元和205.2亿元，预计2025年分别达到6402.7亿元和480.6亿元，呈现强劲的增长态势。
艾媒咨询分析师认为，虚拟人技术具有为用户提供高度智能化和个性化服务的潜力，为B端企业降本增效，其市场需求前景广阔。
With the increasing maturity and widespread application of AI technology, virtual digital humans have gradually entered the real world stage from a distant concept, playing a crucial bridge and driver in technology integration and industrial upgrading. According to the latest "White Paper on the Development of China's Virtual Digital Human Industry in 2024" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis firm in the global new economy industry, the market size and core market size driven by virtual humans in China were 333.47 billion yuan and 20.52 billion yuan respectively in 2023. It is expected to reach 640.27 billion yuan and 48.06 billion yuan respectively in 2025, showing a strong growth trend.
Analysts from iMedia Consulting believe that virtual human technology has the potential to provide users with highly intelligent and personalized services, reducing costs and increasing efficiency for B2B enterprises. Its market demand prospects are broad.

艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国企业数字化使用行为调查数据

当前中国企业数字化呈现出良好发展态势，数字化投入持续加大，数字化基础不断夯实。超九成企业在生产经营中广泛应用信息化管理系统、电子商务、云计算等技术，不同行业各有特色，信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业企业应用水平领先，在管理、采购、销售等环节普及度高，生产、研发环节应用逐步深入。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2025年中国企业数字化使用行为调查数据》，已有86.19%的企业考虑并实施了数字化转型，说明数字化转型已成为企业经营规划中的重要组成部分。其中，制造业在数字化转型企业中占比最高，达到14.74%。其次是信息传输、计算机服务和软件业，占比14.32%。在企业数字化转型的主要困难中，组织层面缺乏整体规划的问题最为突出，其次是数据治理体系不完善和传统IT平台及架构带来的负担。未来，企业数字化转型的前景广阔，同时也挑战重重。随着这些挑战被克服，企业数字化转型将释放更大潜能，推动产业结构优化升级，助力中国经济在数字时代实现高质量发展 。（《艾媒咨询 |2025年中国企业数字化使用行为调查数据》完整高清PDF版共30页，可点击文章底部报告下载按钮进行报告下载）
Currently, the digitalization of Chinese enterprises is showing a favorable development trend with continuous increases in digital investment and continuous consolidation of the digital foundation. More than 90% of enterprises widely apply technologies such as information management systems, e-commerce, and cloud computing in their production and operation. Different industries have their own characteristics. Enterprises in the information transmission, software, and information technology service industries lead in the application level, with high popularity in management, procurement, sales, and other links, and the application in production and R&D links is gradually deepening. According to the latest "Survey data on digital usage behavior of Chinese enterprises in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, 86.19% of enterprises have considered and implemented digital transformation, indicating that digital transformation has become an important part of enterprise operation planning. Among them, the manufacturing industry accounts for the highest proportion, reaching 14.74%, among the enterprises undergoing digital transformation. Followed by the information transmission, computer services, and software industry, accounting for 14.32%. Among the main difficulties in the digital transformation of enterprises, the lack of overall planning at the organizational level is the most prominent issue, followed by the imperfect data governance system and the burden brought by traditional IT platforms and architectures. In the future, the prospects for the digital transformation of enterprises are broad, but there are also numerous challenges. As these challenges are overcome, the digital transformation of enterprises will unleash greater potential, promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, and help China's economy achieve high-quality development in the digital era.

艾媒咨询 | 2024年中国数字中台市场研究报告

随着云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等技术的创新发展，传统产业数字化转型不断加快，数据安全和隐私问题成为用户和企业的关切点，企业对灵活、高效解决方案的需求持续增加，生态合作将成为行业发展趋势。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2024年中国数字中台市场研究报告》数据显示，2022年中国数字经济总体规模达50.2万亿元，同比增长10.3%。随着传统产业数字化转型不断加快，数字经济基础设施实现跨越式进步，预计2025年达70.8万亿元。中国零售企业在物料管理、销售管理中使用到信息系统较多；零售企业使用的数字化工具主要有数字系统（75.9%）和数字营销（57.6%）；有75.4%的零售企业在接受数字中台服务商服务后经营效率提升6%-25%。数字中台市场集中度较高，大厂技术设施健全，优势明显。当前中台的行业格局由竞争转向竞合，以协同生态为核心，集众所长，企业中台趋向云化、智能化、生态化、全渠道化。
With the innovative development of cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other technologies, the digital transformation of traditional industries is accelerating, data security and privacy issues have become the concern of users and enterprises, and enterprises' demand for flexible and efficient solutions continues to increase, and ecological cooperation will become the development trend of the industry. According to the latest China digital market research report in 2024 released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution of the global new economy industry, the overall scale of China's digital economy reached 50.2 trillion yuan in 2022, with a year-on-year growth of 10.3%. As the digital transformation of traditional industries continues to accelerate, the digital economy infrastructure has achieved leapfrog progress, and it is expected to reach 70.8 trillion yuan by 2025. Chinese retail enterprises utilize a wide range of information systems in material management and sales management. The primary digital tools employed by retail enterprises include digital systems (75.9%) and digital marketing (57.6%). After receiving services from digital middle-platform service providers, 75.4% of retail enterprises have witnessed a 6% to 25% increase in operational efficiency. The digital middle-platform market exhibits a high degree of concentration, with large companies boasting comprehensive technical facilities and notable advantages. Currently, the middle-platform industry landscape is shifting from competition to cooperation, centered on collaborative ecosystems. It integrates the strengths of various parties, driving enterprise middle-platforms towards cloudification, intelligence, ecologization, and omni-channel development.

艾媒咨询 | 2024-2025年中国AI大模型市场现状及发展趋势研究报告

自OpenAI 发布 ChatGPT以来，大模型产业掀起全球的关注，AI大模型已经成为科技创新的新高地。AI大模型因其强大的数据处理能力和卓越的性能表现，被视为推动产业升级和经济转型的重要引擎。近年来，中国积极布局、大力支持AI大模型发展，相关科技公司积极研发国产大模型，同时不断涌现出大量大模型科技公司。随着技术的不断成熟和应用场景的不断拓展，AI大模型正逐渐渗透到各行各业，成为推动社会进步和经济发展的新动力。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2024-2025年中国AI大模型市场现状及发展趋势研究报告》数据显示，2024年中国AI大模型市场规模约为294.16亿元，预计2026年将突破700亿元，中国AI大模型行业正处于爆发式发展阶段。艾媒咨询分析师认为，AI大模型已初步具有算力高效利用能力、真实世界感知能力、自主学习能力以及创作能力等。中国大部分的国产AI大模型可在文本、图像等方面赋能，并广泛渗透到娱乐、电商、工作以及垂直领域等各类应用之中，为中国传统行业进行数字化赋能。
Since OpenAI released ChatGPT, the large model industry has raised global attention. AI large models have become a new highland of scientific and technological innovation. Because of its powerful data processing capabilities and excellent performance, AI large models are regarded as an important engine to promote industrial upgrading and economic transformation. In recent years, China has actively laid out and vigorously supported the development of AI large models, and relevant technology companies have actively developed domestic large models, while a large number of large model technology companies have continuously emerged. With the continuous maturity of technology and the continuous expansion of application scenarios, AI large models are gradually penetrating into all walks of life and becoming a new driving force to promote social progress and economic development.According to the latest "2024 wechat video user portrait and Behavior insight report" released by iiMedia Research, Data show that in 2024, the size of China's AI large model market is about 29.416 billion yuan, and it is expected to break through 70 billion yuan in 2026. China's AI large model industry is in the stage of explosive development.  The iiMedia consulting analysts believe that the AI large model has initially had the ability to efficiently use computing power, the ability to perceive the real world, the ability to learn independently and the ability to create. Most of China's domestic AI large models can empower text, images and other aspects, and widely penetrate into various applications such as entertainment, e-commerce, work and vertical fields, and digitally empower China's traditional industries.

艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国线下KTV市场消费行为调查数据

随着线下娱乐业态的加速升级，KTV消费场景呈现多元化发展趋势，主要覆盖以智能点歌系统、沉浸式体验设备为代表的技术革新领域，以生日派对、企业团建为核心的社交聚会领域，以及结合餐饮定制、主题包厢等增值服务的复合消费领域。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2025年中国线下KTV市场消费行为调查数据》数据显示，56.34%的消费者选择线下KTV作为主要娱乐方式。在消费频率上，48.60%的消费者选择“偶尔”前往，而月均消费2-3次的群体占比达54.17%，反映出中低频次仍是主流。社交属性显著影响用户行为，51.81%的消费者偏好与朋友同行，6-10人规模的聚会占比最高（43.47%），显示其作为群体社交场景的核心地位。从消费偏好来看，44.86%的消费者选择2-3小时的黄金消费时长，单次消费集中在101-300元区间。曲库选择呈现代际特征，流行歌曲和90年代经典构成核心歌单，折射出消费者怀旧与潮流并存的消费心理。尽管41.25%的消费者将KTV作为娱乐放松的首选，但行业仍面临挑战。48.28%的消费者因“新兴娱乐方式增多”分流需求，同时40.42%的用户指出隔音效果差是最大痛点。硬件设施与环境优化成为首要改进方向。艾媒咨询分析师认为，行业需重点强化差异化竞争力：通过升级沉浸式音响设备、优化空间隔音设计提升体验，同时开发主题包厢、餐饮融合等增值服务以增强用户粘性。此外，针对年轻群体偏好灵活匹配时段定价策略，结合智能点歌系统优化歌单推荐算法，或将成为线下KTV突围新兴娱乐业态竞争的关键路径。
With the accelerated upgrading of offline entertainment formats, KTV consumption scenes show a diversified development trend, mainly covering the field of technological innovation represented by intelligent song on-demand systems and immersive experience equipment, the social gathering field with birthday parties and enterprise group construction as the core, and the composite consumption field combining value-added services such as catering customization and theme boxes. According to the latest "Survey data of consumer behavior in China's offline KTV market in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, 56.34% of consumers choose offline KTV as their main entertainment mode. In terms of consumption frequency, 48.60% of consumers choose to go "occasionally", while the group that consumes 2-3 times per month accounts for 54.17%, reflecting that the medium and low frequency is still the mainstream. Social attributes significantly affect user behavior, 51.81% of consumers prefer to walk with friends, and 6-10 people scale parties account for the highest proportion (43.47%), showing its core status as a group social scene. From the perspective of consumption preference, 44.86% of consumers choose 2-3 hours of gold consumption time, and a single consumption is concentrated in the 101-300 yuan range. The selection of the music library presents the characteristics of generations, and the popular songs and the classics of the 1990s constitute the core playlist, reflecting the consumer psychology of nostalgia and trend. Although 41.25% of consumers regard KTV as their first choice for entertainment and relaxation, the industry still faces challenges. 48.28% of consumers due to the "increase in emerging entertainment" diversion demand, while 40.42% of users pointed out that the poor sound insulation effect is the biggest pain point. Hardware facilities and environment optimization become the primary improvement direction. iiMedia Research believe that the industry needs to focus on strengthening the competitiveness of differentiation: by upgrading immersive audio equipment, optimizing space sound insulation design to enhance the experience, while developing value-added services such as theme boxes and catering integration to enhance user stickiness. In addition, for the young group preference flexible matching time pricing strategy, combined with the intelligent song request system to optimize the song list recommendation algorithm, or will become the key path for offline KTV to break through the emerging entertainment industry competition.

艾媒咨询 | 2024年中国00后暑假文娱活动分析报告

随着暑假的到来，文娱行业迎来了消费的高峰期，各类线上线下文娱活动备受欢迎，对于00后群体，他们成长于物质条件相对富足的年代，在暑假中对精神娱乐需求旺盛，悦己消费意愿更强。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2024年中国00后暑假文娱活动分析报告》数据显示，中国居民在教育、文化和娱乐领域的消费支出比例波动明显，2023年教育、文化和娱乐领域的消费支出比例达到10.8%。
艾媒咨询分析师认为，00后更倾向于参与多样化的文娱活动，包括看电影/电视剧/综艺、听音乐、打游戏、看短视频、刷社交软件/社交论坛和看动漫等，消费意愿较强。
With the arrival of the summer vacation, the entertainment industry has ushered in the peak of consumption, and all kinds of online and offline entertainment activities are very popular. For the post-00s, they grew up in the era of relatively rich material conditions, and have strong demand for spiritual entertainment during the summer vacation, and are more willing to enjoy themselves. According to the latest "Analysis Report on China's post-00s Summer Recreational Activities in 2024" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, the proportion of Chinese residents' consumption expenditure in the fields of education, culture and entertainment fluctuates significantly. In 2023, the proportion of consumer spending in the fields of education, culture and entertainment will reach 10.8%.
Analysts from iiMedia Consulting believe that the post-00s are more inclined to participate in diversified recreational activities, including watching movies/TV series/variety shows, listening to music, playing games, seeing short videos, browsing social software/social forums and watching animation,etc.,and have a strong willingness to consume.

艾媒咨询 | 2024-2025年中国婚庆行业市场及消费行为调研报告

婚姻被视为人生中最重要的里程碑之一。随着社会经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，新人对于婚礼的期望和要求也在不断提升，婚礼不再仅仅是简单的仪式，而是成为展示个人品位、情感表达和家庭文化的重要舞台。与此同时，科技的进步和互联网的普及进一步推动了婚庆行业在视觉设计、摄影摄像等方面的发展，也为婚庆市场带来了诸多挑战。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research（艾媒咨询）最新发布的《2024-2025年中国婚庆行业市场及消费行为调研报告》数据显示，目前中国20-39岁的适婚人口总量约为4.3亿人，大量的适婚人口，为中国婚庆市场增加了潜在客户。物质的极大丰富和年轻人与时俱进的观念使得消费者对婚庆的需求内容呈现多样化，花费也持续走高。2024年中国狭义婚庆行业市场规模达到2.84万亿元，广义市场规模达到14.32万亿元。艾媒咨询分析师认为，适婚人群90后和00后结婚意愿有所下降，中国婚庆市场或将迎来更大的挑战；婚庆行业消费的区域性较强，尚未形成具有全国性影响力的规模婚庆品牌，缺乏知名婚庆企业；一站式婚庆公司将成为消费者首选，婚庆领域或将诞生独角兽企业；婚礼类型呈现多元化局面，中式传统婚礼最受欢迎；数字化技术普及逐步催生线上婚礼消费增加。
Marriage is regarded as one of the most important milestones in life. With the rapid development of the social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the expectations and requirements of the newlyweds for the wedding are also constantly improving, the wedding is no longer just a simple ceremony, but has become an important stage to show personal taste, emotional expression and family culture. At the same time, the progress of science and technology and the popularity of the Internet have further promoted the development of the wedding industry in visual design, photography and other aspects, and also brought many challenges to the wedding market. According to the latest "2024-2025 China wedding industry market and consumer behavior survey report" released by iiMedia Research, data show that the total number of marriageable people between the ages of 20 and 39 in China is about 430 million. A large number of marriageable people, adding potential customers to the Chinese wedding market. The great wealth of materials and the concept of young people to keep pace with The Times have diversified consumers' demand for wedding content, and the cost has continued to rise. In 2024, the market size of China's narrow wedding industry will reach 2.84 trillion yuan, and the broad market size will reach 14.32 trillion yuan. The iiMedia consulting analysts believe that China's wedding market may face greater challenges as the post-90s and post-00s have shown a decline in their willingness to marry. The wedding industry has a strong regional consumption, has not yet formed a large-scale wedding brand with national influence, and lacks a well-known wedding enterprise; The one-stop wedding company will become the first choice of consumers, and the wedding field will be born unicorn enterprises; The wedding types show a diversified situation, Chinese traditional wedding is the most popular; The popularization of digital technology has gradually led to an increase in online wedding consumption.