全球领先的新经济产业第三方数据挖掘与分析机构
关于“上汽通用五菱”的报告
艾媒咨询 | 2025-2026年中国冰淇淋行业消费趋势监测与案例研究报告
中国冰淇淋行业将迎来“需求驱动、创新引领、数字化赋能”的新阶段,机遇与挑战并存。iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)数据显示, 2024年冰淇淋行业市场规模达1835亿元,预计到2030年规模将进一步增长至2334亿元。未来,随着行业集中度的逐步提升,传统企业需加速转型,拥抱数字化与创新;新品牌需强化差异化定位,聚焦细分需求;产业链上下游企业需加强协同,方能在激烈竞争中占据先机,实现长期稳健增长。
The Chinese ice cream industry is about to enter a new stage characterized by "demand-driven, innovation-led and digital-empowered", with both opportunities and challenges coexisting. iiMedia Research data shows that the market size of the ice cream industry reached 183.5 billion yuan in 2024 and is expected to further grow to 233.4 billion yuan by 2030. In the future, as the industry concentration gradually increases, traditional enterprises need to accelerate their transformation and embrace digitalization and innovation. New brands need to strengthen their differentiated positioning and focus on niche demands. Enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain need to enhance coordination in order to gain the upper hand in fierce competition and achieve long-term stable growth.艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国移动翻译行业消费行为调查数据
中国移动翻译行业近年来依托人工智能技术的飞跃,特别是机器翻译与语音识别领域的显著进步,迅速崛起并展现出商业价值。随着全球化进程的加速和数字化转型的深化,国内外贸易及文化交流日益频繁,移动翻译服务需求急剧上升,市场规模不断扩大。移动翻译不仅极大提高了沟通效率,降低了语言障碍带来的成本,还通过提供高质量的翻译服务吸引更多的客户,增强了企业的国际竞争力。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年中国移动翻译行业消费行为调查数据》数据显示,工作场景以61.13%的占比成为移动翻译最主要的应用领域,凸显了其在商务沟通、跨国协作等场景中的不可或缺性。紧随其后的是生活娱乐场景,占比达56.82%,表明移动翻译已深度融入日常生活的方方面面,成为跨语言交流的重要工具。在翻译内容类型方面,网页文章以42.57%的占比位居第一,反映出消费者对网络内容翻译的强烈需求;视频翻译和证件资料分别以36.35%和34.14%的占比位列其后,体现了多媒体内容和文件资料翻译的广泛应用趋势。此外,英语以54.45%的占比遥遥领先于其他语种,进一步巩固了其在移动翻译服务中的主导地位,彰显了其作为全球通用语言的重要性。艾媒咨询分析师认为,随着技术的不断成熟和市场的进一步拓展,移动翻译行业吸引了一些投资者,特别是在技术创新、平台建设及服务优化等领域展现出丰富的投资机会。未来,AI技术的革新将为移动翻译行业注入新的增长动力。
In recent years, relying on the leap in artificial intelligence technology, especially the significant progress in the field of machine translation and speech recognition, China's mobile translation industry has risen rapidly and shown commercial value. With the acceleration of globalization and the deepening of digital transformation, domestic and foreign trade and cultural exchanges are becoming increasingly frequent, and the demand for mobile translation services is rising sharply, and the market scale is constantly expanding. Mobile translation not only greatly improves the communication efficiency and reduces the cost caused by language barriers, but also attracts more customers by providing high-quality translation services and enhances the international competitiveness of enterprises. According to the latest "Survey data of consumption behavior of China's mobile translation industry in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, the work scene has become the most important application field of mobile translation with a ratio of 61.13%. It highlights its indispensability in business communication, transnational cooperation and other scenarios. It is followed by life and entertainment scenes, accounting for 56.82%, indicating that mobile translation has been deeply integrated into all aspects of daily life and has become an important tool for cross-language communication. In terms of translated content types, web articles ranked first with 42.57%, reflecting consumers' strong demand for web content translation; Video translation and document materials ranked second with 36.35% and 34.14% respectively, reflecting the wide application trend of multimedia content and document translation. In addition, English is far ahead of other languages with 54.45% of the total, further consolidating its dominant position in mobile translation services and highlighting its importance as a universal language. iiMedia Research analysts believe that with the continuous maturity of technology and the further expansion of the market, the mobile translation industry has attracted some investors, especially in the fields of technological innovation, platform construction and service optimization to show rich investment opportunities. In the future, the innovation of AI technology will inject new growth momentum into the mobile translation industry.艾媒咨询 | 2025-2026年中国低空经济市场发展趋势洞察报告
低空经济是以低空空域为依托,以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器的各类低空飞行活动为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的综合性经济形态。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025-2026年中国低空经济市场发展趋势洞察报告》数据显示,2022-2024年中国低空经济市场规模数据呈现上升趋势,2025年中国低空经济市场规模预计达5615亿元,预测2035年有望突破3.5万亿元。艾媒咨询分析师认为,2024年是低空经济发展的元年,随着政策的落实和相关措施的不断落地,低空经济将在未来呈现爆发式增长。
Low-altitude economy is a comprehensive economic form that relies on low-altitude airspace and is towed by various low-altitude flight activities of manned and unmanned aircraft, and radiates the integrated development of related fields. The latest "China's low-altitude economic market development trend Insight report 2025-2026" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, shows that the market size data of China's low-altitude economy shows an upward trend in 2022-2024. The market size of China's low-altitude economy is expected to reach 561.5 billion yuan in 2025, and is expected to exceed 3.5 trillion yuan in 2035. Analysts from iMedia Consulting believe that 2024 is the first year of the development of low-altitude economy. With the implementation of policies and the continuous landing of relevant measures, low-altitude economy will show explosive growth in the future.2025-2029年中国低空经济产业链全景图及区域竞争状况研究报告
在全球经济加速发展与科技飞速进步的当下,低空经济作为新兴的经济形态,其辐射带动作用强、产业链较长等特点对经济社会发展具有较强的带动作用。全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025-2029年中国低空经济产业链全景图及区域竞争状况研究报告》数据显示,2022-2024年中国低空经济市场规模数据呈现上升趋势,2025年中国低空经济市场规模预计达5615亿元,2029年低空经济市场规模将达13904亿元,2035年有望突破3.5万亿元。艾媒咨询分析师认为,2024年是低空经济发展的元年,随着政策的落实和相关措施的不断落地,低空经济将在未来呈现爆发式增长。
At present, with the accelerated development of the global economy and the rapid progress of science and technology, the low-altitude economy, as an emerging economic form, has a strong radiation driving effect and a long industrial chain, which has a strong driving effect on economic and social development. iiMedia Research, a third party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, recently released the "Research report on China's low-altitude economic industrial chain panorama and regional competition status from 2025 to 2029", which shows that the market size data of China's low-altitude economy in 2022-2024 shows an upward trend. The market size of China's low-altitude economy is expected to reach 561.5 billion yuan in 2025, 1390.4 billion yuan in 2029, and 3.5 trillion yuan in 2035. Analysts from IIMedia Consulting believe that 2024 is the first year of low-altitude economic development, and with the implementation of policies and relevant measures, low-altitude economy will show explosive growth in the future.艾媒咨询 | 2025年第三季度全球主要行业投融资数据监测季报
2025年第三季度全球主要行业投融资事件数量和金额均呈上升趋势,市场整体表现活跃。根据全球领先的新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年第三季度全球主要行业投融资数据监测季报》显示,2025年第三季度的投融资金额为18044.82亿人民币,投融资事件数量为2505起。艾媒咨询分析师认为,该季度数据变化受多重因素影响。一方面,科技、医疗等行业在特定周期内需求集中释放,政策支持进一步引导资金流向重点领域;另一方面,市场环境整体改善,投资者信心增强,资金流动性显著提升。本季度的特殊性在于投融资金额的大幅上升,可能与大型投资项目或并购活动有关。与历史趋势对比,本季度的投融资事件数量和金额均呈上升趋势,显示出市场活跃度增加,整体投资热情高涨。
In the third quarter of 2025, the number and amount of investment and financing events in major global industries both showed an upward trend, indicating an overall active market. According to the latest "2025 Third Quarter Global Major Industry Investment and Financing Data Monitoring Quarterly Report" released by iiMedia Research (iimedia research), a leading third-party data mining and analysis institution for the new economy industry, the investment and financing amount in the third quarter of 2025 was 1,804.482 billion RMB, and the number of investment and financing events was 2,505. Analysts from iiMedia Research believe that the changes in the data of this quarter were influenced by multiple factors. On the one hand, industries such as technology and healthcare experienced a concentrated release of demand within a specific period, and policy support further guided capital towards key areas. On the other hand, the overall market environment improved, investor confidence increased, and capital liquidity significantly enhanced. The particularity of this quarter lies in the substantial increase in investment and financing amounts, which may be related to large-scale investment projects or merger and acquisition activities. Compared with historical trends, both the number and amount of investment and financing events in this quarter showed an upward trend, demonstrating an increase in market activity and a high overall investment enthusiasm.艾媒咨询 | 2025年9月全球主要行业投融资数据监测月报
2025年9月,全球主要行业投融资事件与金额均实现显著增长,其中投融资金额创下历史新高。根据全球领先的新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年9月全球主要行业投融资数据监测月报》显示,2025年9月的投融资事件数量环比上升19.3%,金额环比上升333.7%。本月投融资事件和金额的显著增长可能与行业周期性活动、政策利好、市场环境改善等因素有关。例如,某些行业可能在特定时期迎来投资热潮,或者政府出台了刺激投资的政策。本月的特殊性可能在于某些大型投资项目或并购活动的完成,导致金额激增。与历史趋势相比,本月的投融资金额创下新高,反映出当前市场活跃度的提升与投资者信心的进一步增强。
In September 2025, both the number of investment and financing events and the amount involved in major global industries saw significant growth, with the financing amount reaching a record high. According to the latest "Global Major Industry Investment and Financing Data Monitoring Monthly Report" released by iiMedia Research (iimedia research), a leading third-party data mining and analysis institution for the new economy industry, the number of investment and financing events in September 2025 increased by 19.3% month-on-month, and the amount increased by 333.7% month-on-month.The significant increase in investment and financing events and amounts this month may be related to factors such as cyclical activities in the industry, favorable policies, and improved market conditions. For instance, certain industries may experience an investment boom during specific periods, or the government may have introduced policies to stimulate investment. The uniqueness of this month might lie in the completion of some large-scale investment projects or mergers and acquisitions, leading to a sharp rise in the amounts involved. Compared with historical trends, the investment and financing amounts this month have reached a new high, reflecting the enhanced market activity and further strengthened investor confidence.艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国汽车消费市场调研与消费行为调查数据
近年来,在“双碳”目标持续推进、智能科技加速迭代与居民消费需求不断升级的时代背景下,中国汽车消费市场正经历前所未有的深刻变革与蓬勃发展。根据全球领先的新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年中国汽车消费市场调研与消费行为调查数据》数据显示,2024年中国民用汽车拥有量为35268.00万辆。未来,随着经济持续发展、交通基础设施不断完善以及汽车智能化、电动化的推进,民用汽车拥有量有望继续增加。在2025年中国汽车消费者购车行为中,51.36%的消费者表示为首次购车,37.19%的消费者表示为旧车置换新车。这表明中国汽车消费市场仍然存在大量潜在消费者,市场潜力依旧巨大。在购买/计划购买汽车动力系统类型中,44.04%的消费者选择电动,37.54%的消费者选择油电混合,说明在汽车市场消费者更倾向于选择更加环保节能的电动车和混动车。在汽车消费者购买/计划购买汽车预算中,40.85%的消费者预算为15-20万元,10-15万元的消费者占比也有25.62%。这说明大部分消费者在购买/计划购买汽车时选择的价位一般为中等价位或中低价位的汽车。艾媒咨询分析师认为,未来,中国汽车行业需聚焦技术创新与用户体验优化。车企应加大研发投入,提升新能源汽车续航、充电速度等关键性能,完善智能驾驶技术;同时,要优化销售与售后服务体系,满足消费者多元化需求,挖掘下沉市场潜力,推动汽车消费市场持续健康发展。
In recent years, against the backdrop of the continuous advancement of the dual carbon goals, the accelerated iteration of intelligent technologies, and the constant upgrading of residents' consumption demands, China's auto consumption market has been undergoing unprecedented profound changes and vigorous development. According to the latest "iiMedia Report | Research data on China's auto consumption market and consumer behavior survey in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a world-leading third-party data mining and analysis institution for the new economy industry, the number of civilian vehicles in China will be 352.68 million in 2024. In the future, with the continuous economic development, the continuous improvement of transportation infrastructure, and the advancement of automotive intelligence and electrification, the number of civilian vehicles is expected to continue to increase. It indicates that the future prospects of the Chinese automotive market are broad. In the car purchase behavior of Chinese car consumers in 2025, 51.36% of the consumers indicated that it was their first car purchase, and 37.19% of the consumers indicated that they were trading in their old cars for new ones. This indicates that there are still a large number of potential consumers in China's auto consumption market, and the market potential remains huge.Among the types of automotive power systems purchased or planned to be purchased, 44.04% of consumers choose electric ones, and 37.54% of consumers choose hybrid ones. The above-mentioned survey indicates that in the automotive market, consumers are more inclined to choose electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles that are more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient. Among the budgets of car consumers for purchasing or planning to purchase a car, 40.85% of the consumers have a budget of 150,000 to 200,000 yuan, and the proportion of consumers with a budget of 100,000 to 150,000 yuan is also 25.62%. This indicates that the majority of consumers generally choose medium-priced or mid-to-low priced cars when purchasing or planning to purchase them.Analysts from iiMedia Research believe that in the future, China's automotive industry needs to focus on technological innovation and user experience optimization. Automakers should increase investment in research and development, enhance key performances such as the range and charging speed of new energy vehicles, and improve intelligent driving technologies. At the same time, it is necessary to optimize the sales and after-sales service system, meet the diversified demands of consumers, tap the potential of the lower-tier markets, and promote the sustained and healthy development of the automotive consumption market.艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国无人驾驶汽车行业市场环境分析及消费行为调查数据
随着公众出行观念的革新与新兴企业崛起的速度加快,消费者对智能出行的接受度持续提高,从对传统驾驶模式的依赖转向对自动驾驶便捷性与安全性的期待,推动无人驾驶技术商业化需求不断释放。全球领先的新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年中国无人驾驶汽车行业市场环境分析及消费行为调查数据》显示,2024-2029年中国无人驾驶汽车行业市场规模进入“爆发式增长通道”,呈指数级扩张,预计2029年将突破1200亿元,成为智能交通领域增长最快的核心赛道之一。
在中国无人驾驶汽车消费者中,无人驾驶汽车以42.31%的比例被认为是更安全的驾驶技术方式,明显高于真人驾驶汽车的31.98%,认为两种方式都安全的消费者占比为25.71%;69.50%的消费者表示会购买无人驾驶汽车,30.50%的消费者表示不会购买。这表明无人驾驶汽车在安全性方面已获得较多消费者的认可,且绝大多数消费者对无人驾驶汽车持开放态度,购买意愿较高,反映出无人驾驶汽车在中国市场的潜在需求较大。
艾媒咨询分析师指出,中国无人驾驶汽车产业正迈向规模化与深度融合的新阶段,在未来,政策红利持续释放,国家层面积极推动法规完善与测试示范区建设;技术突破加速,AI算法、高精地图、车规级芯片等领域进步显著;应用场景拓宽,Robotaxi、无人配送、港口矿区等特定场景商业化潜力巨大。然而挑战同样严峻,技术成熟度与安全性仍是核心瓶颈;法规标准体系滞后,责任认定、数据安全等法律问题亟待解决。企业应深耕核心技术,加大AI算法、感知融合、高算力芯片等研发投入,建立技术护城河;探索多元场景落地,优先在港口、矿区、园区等封闭/半封闭场景及Robotaxi、干线物流等实现商业闭环;推动产业协同,与芯片、传感器、高精地图、5G通信等伙伴深度合作,共建生态。
With the innovation of public travel concepts and the accelerated rise of emerging enterprises, consumers' acceptance of intelligent travel has been continuously increasing. They have shifted from relying on traditional driving modes to expecting the convenience and safety of autonomous driving, which has driven the continuous release of commercial demands for driverless technology. According to the latest data released by iiMedia Research, a globally leading third-party data mining and analysis institution for the new economy industry, in the "2025 China Driverless Car Industry Market Environment Analysis and Consumer Behavior Survey Data", From 2024 to 2029, the market size of China's driverless car industry will enter an "explosive growth channel", expanding exponentially. It is expected to exceed 120 billion yuan in 2029, becoming one of the fastest-growing core tracks in the intelligent transportation field.
Among Chinese consumers of driverless cars, 42.31% of them consider driverless cars to be a safer driving technology, significantly higher than 31.98% of those who drive cars with real people. The proportion of consumers who think both methods are safe is 25.71%. 69.50% of consumers said they would purchase driverless cars, while 30.50% said they would not. This indicates that driverless cars have gained considerable recognition from consumers in terms of safety, and the vast majority of consumers hold an open attitude towards driverless cars with a high purchase intention, reflecting a large potential demand for driverless cars in the Chinese market.
Analysts from iiMedia Research pointed out that China's driverless car industry is moving towards a new stage of scale and deep integration. In the future, policy dividends will continue to be released, and the state will actively promote the improvement of regulations and the construction of test demonstration zones. Technological breakthroughs are accelerating, with significant progress made in areas such as AI algorithms, high-precision maps, and automotive-grade chips. The application scenarios have been broadened, and there is huge commercial potential in specific scenarios such as Robotaxi, unmanned delivery, ports and mining areas. However, the challenges are equally severe, with technological maturity and security remaining the core bottlenecks. The regulatory and standard system lags behind, and legal issues such as responsibility determination and data security urgently need to be addressed. Enterprises should focus on core technologies, increase investment in research and development of AI algorithms, perception fusion, high-performance computing chips, etc., and build a technological moat. Explore the implementation of diverse scenarios, prioritizing the realization of commercial closed loops in closed or semi-closed scenarios such as ports, mining areas, and industrial parks, as well as in areas like Robotaxi and long-haul logistics. Promote industrial collaboration and deeply cooperate with partners in chip, sensor, high-precision map, 5G communication and other fields to jointly build an ecosystem.艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国淋浴房消费者行为调查数据
淋浴房,作为现代家居卫浴空间的重要组成部分,是指单独的淋浴隔间,由房体及相应结构件组成,将淋浴范围划分出相对独立的洗浴空间。淋浴房主要在我国沿海地区盛行,随着居民生活水平的提高以及卫生意识的增强,其市场需求快速增长。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年中国淋浴房消费者行为调查数据》数据显示,51.31% 的消费者倾向购买品质好的淋浴房,凸显出高端品质愈发成为影响购买决策的核心因素,消费者不再单纯追求价格优势,而是愿意为优质产品买单,这意味着高品质淋浴房市场潜力巨大。质量耐用性以 39.20% 的高占比位居首位,表明消费者对产品长期使用性能的高度关注,产品耐用与否直接关联其使用体验与后续成本,这也促使企业需在材料选择、工艺制作上更下功夫,提升产品耐用性。高科技配置因 41.57% 的占比成为消费者对舒适体验的首要追求,意味着智能、便捷等功能正成为淋浴房产品的新卖点,消费者期望通过科技赋能,让淋浴过程更舒适惬意。艾媒咨询分析师认为,随着互联网技术的发展,线上销售渠道对淋浴房行业的重要性日益凸显。众多淋浴房企业通过电商平台开设官方旗舰店,实现产品在线销售和信息沟通,拓展市场空间。
Shower room, as an important part of the modern home bathroom space, refers to a separate shower compartment, composed of the room and the corresponding structural parts, the shower range is divided into a relatively independent bath space. Shower room is mainly popular in the coastal areas of our country, with the improvement of residents' living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, its market demand is growing rapidly. According to the latest "Consumer behavior survey data of China shower room in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, 51.31% of consumers tend to buy good quality shower rooms, highlighting that high-end quality has increasingly become the core factor affecting the purchase decision. Consumers are no longer simply pursuing price advantages, but are willing to pay for quality products, which means that high-quality shower room market potential is huge. Quality durability ranked first with a high proportion of 39.20%, indicating that consumers are highly concerned about the long-term use performance of products, product durability is directly related to its use experience and subsequent costs, which also prompts enterprises to work harder on material selection and process production to improve product durability. High-tech configuration because 41.57% of the proportion has become the primary pursuit of consumers for comfortable experience, which means that intelligent, convenient and other functions are becoming the new selling point of shower room products, consumers expect through technology to enable, make the shower process more comfortable. Analysts from Imedia Consulting believe that with the development of Internet technology, the importance of online sales channels to the shower room industry has become increasingly prominent. Many shower room enterprises open official flagship stores through e-commerce platforms to achieve online product sales and information communication, and expand market space.艾媒咨询 | 2025年中国5G通信应用消费行为调查数据
随着5G技术的深度渗透,其应用场景加速拓展,全面覆盖生活中的多个领域,5G技术逐渐深入到了人们的生产生活方式中。根据全球新经济产业第三方数据挖掘和分析机构iiMedia Research(艾媒咨询)最新发布的《2025年中国5G通信应用消费行为调查数据》数据显示,中国用户对5G的认知程度显著提升,44.22%的受访者表示比较了解5G技术。运营商推广活动以34.69%的占比成为用户了解5G的主渠道,凸显行业宣传的核心作用。当前5G手机普及率达79.30%,但用户购机决策呈现矛盾性:54.72%因正常更替机型选择5G设备,而价格因素成为主要阻碍,57.58%认为5G手机昂贵,51.52%担忧通信套餐成本高。在使用场景方面,短视频观看以27.77%的占比成为5G网络质量感知最显著场景,办公区域则以55.43%的使用率成为核心应用空间。艾媒咨询分析师认为,运营商需重点优化套餐资费结构,加强网络覆盖的均衡性建设,同时加速智能终端生态创新。建议终端厂商推出梯度化价格产品,通过技术迭代降低硬件成本,并深化场景化应用开发,真正释放5G技术的普惠价值。
With the deep penetration of 5G technology, its application scenarios are accelerating, comprehensively covering many fields of life, and 5G technology has gradually penetrated into people's production and lifestyle. According to the latest "Survey data of 5G communication application consumption behavior in China in 2025" released by iiMedia Research, a third-party data mining and analysis institution in the global new economy industry, Chinese users have significantly improved their cognition of 5G, and 44.22% of respondents said they have a better understanding of 5G technology. Operator promotion activities have become the main channel for users to understand 5G, accounting for 34.69%, highlighting the core role of industry publicity. At present, the penetration rate of 5G mobile phones reaches 79.30%, but the user's purchase decision is contradictory: 54.72% choose 5G equipment due to normal replacement models, and the price factor becomes the main obstacle, 57.58% think that 5G mobile phones are expensive, 51.52% worry about the high cost of communication packages. In terms of usage scenarios, short video viewing became the most significant scene of 5G network quality perception with a proportion of 27.77%, and the office area became the core application space with a utilization rate of 55.43%. Analysts from iiMedia Research believe that operators need to focus on optimizing the package fee structure, strengthen the balanced construction of network coverage, and accelerate the ecological innovation of intelligent terminals. It is recommended that terminal manufacturers launch graded price products, reduce hardware costs through technology iteration, and deepen scenario-based application development to truly release the inclusive value of 5G technology.
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 78